Abstract
Recycling metals contained spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) may be a viable way to relieve metal supply pressures. The European Union has set a minimum content of secondary metal input in LIBs in 2035. Based on a stock-driven model and a comprehensive bottom-up estimation of LIBs and metals in 13 end-using sectors, achievable recycled metals goal for the China was given: spent LIBs was expected to provide 27.4–42.0 %, 50.4–77.5 %, 50.4–77.6 %, 50.4–77.6 %, 45.3–69.3 %, 44.6–68.3 %, 26.8–39.8 % of Li, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, Al and Fe to produce new LIBs, respectively. Additionally, in the short- to middle- term, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) will be the important end user to LIBs. Spent UPS batteries management should be paid more attention. What is more, the total environmental benefits of LIB recycling were quantified at the national level. By 2050, the amount of energy, metal, greenhouse gas and human toxicity reduced by LIB recycling will be 146.76, 164.86, 171.02 and 392.30 times higher than in 2020, respectively.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
