Abstract
Structured light, with its ability to tailor diverse degrees of freedom (DoFs) of light has recently attracted increasing attention, especially as geometric beams that can open multiple DoFs by the ray-wave duality. Here, a generalized ray-wave beam family is proposed to unify the azimuthally traveling-wave (TW) and standing-wave (SW) structured light, by introducing a ray-split/fusion state as a tunable spatial mode to continuously transform the TW and SW states of light. We derive an elegant closed-form expression by utilizing frequency-degenerate Ince–Gaussian eigenmodes to construct a new coherent state of structured light to precisely parameterize the ray-split/fusion effect, pushing structured light control in higher dimensions. We also experimentally generate these modes by dynamic control of a digital hologram system, revealing their potential applications in optical manipulation and communication.
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