TO THE PROBLEM OF REGULATION OF RECREATIONAL LOADS OF THE ECO-EDUCATIONAL TRAILS OF THE NATURAL RESERVETO THE PROBLEM OF REGULATION OF RECREATIONAL LOADS OF THE ECO-EDUCATIONAL TRAILS OF THE NATURAL RESERVE

Abstract

Attention is drawn to the eco-educational trails within the two national nature parks and the nature reserve, which, given the circumstances, are among the most popular among visitors. Ecological trails are the most popular form of organization of ecological tourism within the territories of the nature reserve fund. This is a special form of being acquainted with the protected area with a regulated regime of its visit. The role of ecological and educational trails in the system of recreational and protected nature management, basic normative documents regulating the requirements for the creation and process of organization of their visit by recreation are considered. It is emphasized that recreational and protected nature use belong to resource-saving forms, but unregulated recreational activity can become a major factor in the degradation of natural landscapes. The types of recreational activities within the national nature parks "Dniester Canyon" and "Kremenetsky Mountains" are analyzed; the high recreational potential of their basic tourist and recreational sites is emphasized.On the materials of ecological-educational trails of national nature parks (ecological-educational trail "Ustechko-Chervono-Pecherky") NPP "Dnestrovsky canyon", (ecological-geographical trail on the mountain of God) NPP "Kremenetsky mountains" and ecological-educational trail "To the forest Hermit » of the Medobory Nature Reserve, their capacity was estimated and calculated according to the «Method of determining the maximum recreational load of natural complexes and objects within the nature reserve fund of Ukraine… » They are sometimes tensed up, provoking threats and risks of the complete conservation and restoration of natural complexes.Considering the frequency and intensity of visits to ecological trails, their seasonal load, the places of manifestation of the critical degrees of recreational digression and the factors that cause them are determined. In particular, a detailed analysis of the recreational potential and the factors of the degeneration of the ecological-educational trail “Ustechko-Krasne-Pecherky” within the Chervonogorod waterfall - a unique hydrological monument of nature of national importance, is presented. The mass pilgrimage of pilgrims to the shrines of the city of God creates considerable problems for the preservation of natural complexes, regulation of flows and ordering of the visited places, including the ecological and educational trail. The main factors of recreational digression of the studied eco-trails are numerous unregulated visits to the recreation during the day off, low level of mass ecological culture, lack of safe behavior on the route. As a result, ecological and educational trails trace such forms of recreational digression as trampling of vegetation, tearing of rare plants during flowering, compaction and soil erosion, complete disappearance of vegetation, destruction of underlying rocks.It is suggested to observe the measures for normalization of recreational loads, regulation of the flow of recreation, provided by the Projects of organization of the territory of NPP and PA, as well as introduction of organizational and management measures for the sustainable ecological use of the territories of ecological and educational trails within the objects of natural resources.