Abstract
The article deals with the chemical safety of polymer-containing materials, including furniture and raw materials for its production. The focus of the study is on the current issue of the adequacy of established standards for the emission of formaldehyde from furniture products and polymer-containing wood products. The article presents data on the levels of formaldehyde migration from a number of constructing and finishing materials used in the prefabricated-frame construction of residential buildings. The migration of formaldehyde from all the materials studied was found to not exceed the permissible level of 0.01 mg/m3. There are presented calculated data on the levels of air pollution in conditions of the combined use of construction and finishing materials, which can reach 1.3 MPC for average daily dose (MPCadd). There are reported results of instrumental studies of the content of formaldehyde in the air of precast frame houses. The average daily concentrations of formaldehyde were found to be in the range from 0.002 to 0.083 mg/m3 (0.2-8.3 MPCadd). The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of in-depth medical and biological research on the health status of the population living in prefabricated frame houses and the population living in brick houses on conditionally clean territories. Based on the results of in-depth medical and biological research on the health status of the population, the mathematical dependencies of formaldehyde exposure with public health impairments, adequate to the scientific literature, were obtained; a model for the evolution of the risk of respiratory diseases has been constructed. The additional risk of forming respiratory diseases with lifetime daily average exposure to formaldehyde was estimated, for example, an average annual exposure of 0.032 mg/m3 was found to form an unacceptable risk for the population after 9 years of exposure (R = 1.10 ∙ 10-04).
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