To Study the Effect of Calorie Deficit Diet and Strength Training in Patients with Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

Abstract

OSA is a disease of modernisation. Though many modalities are available for its treatment from invasive to non-invasive; the role of lifestyle modification can never be underrated. Lifestyle modification normally includes walk; diet with less fat; abstinence from alcohol and smoking along with regularising of sleep schedule. However the role of calorie deficit diet along with strength training in OSA has not been extensively researched till date. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the calorie deficit diet and strength training in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. It is a prospective randomised control trial of 40 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A was given lifestyle modification while Group B was given Lifestyle Modification with calorie deficit diet and strength training. The outcomes were measured by comparing pre-intervention and post-intervention polysomnography and Epworth sleepiness score after 3months. The most common symptom found in our group was excessive daytime sleepiness and Loud snoring; both present in 39/40 patients. Other common symptoms were Awakening with a dry mouth or sore throat; morning headache; difficulty concentrating during the day; experiencing mood changes, such as depression or irritability and high blood pressure. The post intervention BMI in Group A was - 1.75 ± 0.698 than pre-intervention BMI while in Group B the difference between pre-intervention and post intervention was - 3.05 ± 1.32. The difference in AHI events pre-intervention versus post-intervention in Group A and Group B was - 3.5 ± 1.11 and - 5.55 ± 1.90 respectively. The ESS decreased by - 2.2 ± 0.871 and - 3.31 ± 0.05 respectively in Group A and Group B post-intervention. Calorie deficit diet along with strength training markedly improves the AHI index; BMI and ESS score in Mild to moderate OSA patients and is highly recommended in motivated patients in addition to lifestyle modification.