To log or not to log? Actor preferences and networks in Swiss forest policy

Leonard Creutzburg,Eva Lieberherr

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102395

Abstract

Forests play a fundamental role in climate change mitigation. While there are calls to store carbon by increasing the forest stock, other actors oppose this, arguing that carbon stored in processed timber is more adequate. Applying an adapted version of the policy network analysis (PNA) framework, we uncover both the actors' policy preferences regarding the goal conflict between carbon storage in the forest versus in timber products as well as the actors' perceived importance and information sharing in the forest policy network in a Swiss region (canton Lucerne) via an online stakeholder survey. We find that an increase of carbon storage in the forest does not stand a chance in the Lucerne forest policy network, being rejected by nearly two-thirds of the actors. A majority views increased harvesting for wood products as a superior climate change mitigation measure than harvesting less for carbon storage. We also find that these proponents of wood are more central actors within the policy networks than those in favour of carbon storage in the forest. These findings are relevant for a context where the majority of the forest is privately owned and where interests in timber harvesting might dominate those on carbon storage. The analysis reflects the challenging situation within the timber market, where measures for increased wood harvesting might provide a more acceptable policy option than carbon sequestration for private forest owners.

Highlights

The climate crisis is a highly pressing issue requiring multi-faceted solutions
A majority views increased harvesting for wood products as a superior climate change mitigation measure than harvesting less for carbon storage. We find that these proponents of wood are more central actors within the policy networks than those in favour of carbon storage in the forest. These findings are relevant for a context where the majority of the forest is privately owned and where interests in timber harvesting might dominate those on carbon storage
We find that the actors who prefer increased timber harvesting do comprise the majority, but they are the more central actors in the networks than those in favour of increased carbon storage in the forest

Summary

Introduction

Apart from the need to vastly reduce carbon emissions, global carbon sinks play a major role in climate change mitigation. There are varying arguments in the literature regarding the pros and cons of the two options and contradictory findings Underlying this question is a goal conflict with regard to climate change mitigation. One means to study such goal conflicts at the level of tensions between different aims in forest policy is the network approach. This provides a means to explain how the preferences of actors relate to their position, and more specif ically to their power and interaction, within a network (Knoke, 2011; Knoke et al, 1996; Glück et al, 2005). We build on this research by applying an adapted version of the policy network approach (PNA)

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