Abstract
This chapter shows how Polish society welcomed Alexander Dubcek’s appointment as Czechoslovak Party Secretary in early 1968. University staff and students launched a nation-wide campaign for academic freedom and writers protested against state censorship. But the Polish party leader Wladyslaw Gomulka, an acclaimed hero of ‘national communism’ in 1956, now saw the Prague Spring as challenging the maintenance of one-Party rule. He long advocated and then strongly supported the August invasion. Kemp-Welch shows how its subsequent justification, the ‘Brezhnev Doctrine’ of limited sovereignty, was eventually revoked by Gorbachev in 1989.
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