Abstract
Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or flooding. To adapt to unfavorable environments, plants have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms that serve to balance the trade-off between abiotic stress responses and growth. These mechanisms enable plants to continue to develop and reproduce even under adverse conditions. Ethylene, as a key growth regulator, is leveraged by plants to mitigate the negative effects of some of these stresses on plant development and growth. By cooperating with other hormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BR), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and cytokinin (CK), ethylene triggers defense and survival mechanisms thereby coordinating plant growth and development in response to abiotic stresses. This review describes the crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones in tipping the balance between plant growth and abiotic stress responses.
Highlights
Abiotic stresses such as salinity, heat, cold, drought, and flooding have detrimental effects on plant yield and can lead to complete crop failure
With the explosion in the volume of research studies published in the field of plant biology in the past 30 years, it comes as no surprise that different plant hormones have been found to engage and cooperate in multiple physiological processes, including responses to abiotic stresses [61,62]
We summarized several lines of evidence supporting the notion that the growth-stress tolerance trade-off is in part regulated by the active crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones
Summary
Abiotic stresses such as salinity, heat, cold, drought, and flooding have detrimental effects on plant yield and can lead to complete crop failure. With the explosion in the volume of research studies published in the field of plant biology in the past 30 years, it comes as no surprise that different plant hormones have been found to engage and cooperate in multiple physiological processes, including responses to abiotic stresses [61,62] Some of this hormone-hormone crosstalk occurs at the level of transcription and involves the coordinated action of regulators for several hormones.
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