To evaluate the outcome of maternal factors affecting placental birth weight ratio.

Abstract

Introduction: Placental birth weight ratio (PBWR) is of significance to determine fetal growth, nutrition, prenatal outcome and maternal morbidity and mortality. PBWR differs in accordance with gestation as increasing gestational age decreases placental weight and outcomes of pregnancy are adverse. Higher PBWR enhances the peri-natal mortality and lower ratio causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
 Objectives: To find out the effect of maternal diseases on the placenta and birth weight ratio.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 to June 2019 at department of Gyn/Obs PMCH Nawabshah. Detailed history was taken including the maternal comorbidities. Age of patients, history of hypertension, smoking and Parity was also asked. Anemia was examined specifically. Relevant examination was done. The effects of maternal factors on placental and birth weight were noted to draw conclusion.
 Results: Total 89 patients were included in this study. Of them, 60(67%) were multi parous and 29(33%) were primipara. Age range of study population was 31 to 40 years. Overall, 77.52% patients were up to the age of 30 years. Increased placental to birth ratio of 13.4% was seen due to increased maternal age, 16.8% for multiparity, 19.1% for HTN, smoking 7.8% and maternal anemia 24.7%.
 Conclusion: PBWR is higher due to HTN, smoking, increased maternal age, diabetes, and anemia sequentially.
 Keywords: Fetal growth, Maternal Morbidity, Placental birth weight ratio.