Abstract
Sulfur limitation 1 (SLIM1), a member of the EIN3-like (EIL) family of transcription factors in Arabidopsis, is the regulator of many sulfur deficiency responsive genes. Among the five other proteins of the family, three regulate ethylene (ET) responses and two have unassigned functions. Contrary to the well-defined ET signaling, the pathway leading from sensing sulfate status to the activation of its acquisition via SLIM1 is completely unknown. SLIM1 binds to the 20 nt-long specific UPE-box sequence; however, it also recognizes the shorter TEIL sequence, unique for the whole EIL family. SLIM1 takes part in the upregulation and downregulation of various sulfur metabolism genes, but also it controls the degradation of glucosinolates under sulfur deficient conditions. Besides facilitating the increased flux through the sulfate assimilation pathway, SLIM1 induces microRNA395, specifically targeting ATP sulfurylases and a low-affinity sulfate transporter, SULTR2;1, thus affecting sulfate translocation to the shoot. Here, we briefly review the identification, structural characteristics, and molecular function of SLIM1 from the perspective of the whole EIL protein family.
Highlights
Sulfur is present in various compounds due to its ability to readily change the oxidation state
We focused on Sulfur limitation 1 (SLIM1) as the only described transcriptional regulator dedicated to plant response to sulfur deficiency
It is of interest as to whether the same level of complexity can be expected in sulfur deficiency signaling
Summary
Sulfur is present in various compounds due to its ability to readily change the oxidation state. THE EIL FAMILY OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS Sulfur limitation 1 was previously identified as the gene ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE-LIKE 3 (EIL3) coding for a putative transcription factor of unknown function (Guo and Ecker, 2004) It belongs to a small family of proteins found exclusively in plants of which several members have been cloned and characterized across various species, including Arabidopsis (Chao et al., 1997), tobacco (Kosugi and Ohashi, 2000; Rieu et al, 2003), tomato (Tieman et al, 2001), maize (Gallie and Young, 2004), carnation (Iordachescu and Verlinden, 2005), rice (Mao et al, 2006), kiwi (Yin et al, 2010), and cucumber (Bie et al, 2013). The location of the unique DNA-binding domain in the primary structure of an EIL protein was identified based www.frontiersin.org
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