To close, not to close, or to act bigger? Managing the defect of large direct inguinal hernia to reduce the risk of recurrence during laparoscopic TAPP repair: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Hernia recurrence is a common complication after inguinal hernia repair. Recent studies suggest that laparoscopic mesh repair with closure of direct hernia defects can reduce recurrence rates. Our study examines the effectiveness of this approach. A retrospective, multi-center cohort study was conducted on cases performed from January 2013 to April 2021. Patients with direct inguinal hernias (M3 according to EHS classification) undergoing TAPP were included. Three groups were present: closed-defect group, non-closed placing a standard-sized mesh group or non-closed placing an XL-sized mesh group. A 2-year follow-up was recorded. A total of 158 direct M3 inguinal hernias in 110 patients who underwent surgery were present. After propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio, 22 patients for each group were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 62 years (41–84); with the majority being male (84.8%). 22 patients (40 hernias) underwent closure of the defect; 22 patients (39 hernias) did not undergo closure and used a standard-sized mesh; 22 patients (27 hernias) did not undergo closure and used an XL-sized mesh. There were 5 recurrences at 1 year post-operatively: all in the non-closure group with standard-sized mesh. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.044). There were 7 recurrences (6.6%) at 2 years post-operatively: 6 in the non-closure group with standard-sized mesh and 1 in the non-closure group with XL-sized mesh (p = 0.007). Closing large direct inguinal hernia defects has shown promise in reducing early recurrence rates. However, conducting larger RCTs in the future could provide more conclusive evidence that might impact the way we approach laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.