To adopt or not to adopt? Insights on energy transitions from a study of advanced wood heating

Abstract

The study of energy system transitions requires research methods that incorporate multilayered systemic factors that span shifts in time, contexts, and actor groups. To integrate this complexity into energy transition research can be a daunting methodological challenge. However, it can illuminate how an energy system operates and help identify the levers that influence a transition to sustainable energy sources. This article describes how a multistate study of the strategies and policies to promote advanced wood heating technology in the northeastern United States encountered methodological challenges indicative of the broader problems faced in energy system transitions. In particular, we found that changes in macrolevel systemic factors (e.g. price of oil) and the early stage of diffusion of this particular technology complicate sampling and ultimately affect the application of results. While a participatory research approach and use of key informants helped in developing the sampling strategy, survey questions and access to study participants, it also introduced logistical difficulties and the potential for pro-innovation bias. We describe the mixed methods used to capture the systemic factors that affect adoption of this technology and highlight implications for research on interventions that seek to promote alternative energy technologies.