Abstract
BackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is well linked with immunogenetic factors. This study was undertaken to test the association of TNF-α − 308 and IFN-γ + 874 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Leishmania (L) species among CL patients in central region of Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis is a case-control study involved 169 Saudi subjects with different L. species and 199 healthy controls from central region of Saudi Arabia. All subjects were characterized by TNF-α − 308 G/A and IFN-γ + 874 A/T gene polymorphisms using PCR.ResultsEvaluation of genotyping and allelic frequency of TNF-α − 308 G/A in different L. species showed no significant association compared to controls (p > 0.05). Except, in cases of L. tropica that showed significantly higher TNF-α − 308 A versus G allele frequency (p = 0.0004). Evaluation of genotyping of IFN-γ + 874 (TT versus AA+AT recessive) and allelic frequency of IFN-γ + 874 (T versus A) showed significant higher in L. major and also in total CL cases as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a strong association was observed between the susceptibility of L. major, L. tropica or total CL cases with synergistically combined high TNF-α 308/INF-γ 874 alleles.ConclusionsThis is the first report that shows the gene polymorphisms of TNF-α − 308 G/A and IFN-γ + 874 A/T in Saudi patients with different L. species infections. Data showed that the TNF-α-308 G/A gene polymorphism is not associated with the susceptibility of CL in Saudi subjects. The only correlation was found in between A versus G allelic frequency in L. tropica. Importantly, IFN-γ + 874 A/T polymorphism was found to be associated with the susceptibility of L. major and also with total CL subjects. Moreover, data from synergistically combined high TNF-α 308/INF-γ 874 alleles strongly suggest their potential role in the susceptibility of leishmania infection.
Highlights
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is well linked with immunogenetic factors
Our data showed that the host Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (GA + AA genotypes) versus those with GG genotype revealed no significant association with L. major, L. tropica and total number of CL cases as compared with their respective controls [p = 0.3, odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) 1.31 (0.8 to 2.2), p = 0.4, OR (95%CI) 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3), and p = 0.2, OR (95%CI) 1.3 (0.9 to 2.0), respectively] (Table 3)
Our results showed that Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) + 874 genotyping (TT versus AA+AT recessive) and allelic frequency of IFN-γ + 874 (T versus A) showed significant higher in CL patients infected with L. major and similar results were obtained in total CL cases as compared with their respective control humans
Summary
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is well linked with immunogenetic factors. This study was undertaken to test the association of TNF-α − 308 and IFN-γ + 874 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Leishmania (L) species among CL patients in central region of Saudi Arabia. It is well documented that the leishmania has more than 22 different species but their prevalence varies from region to region [3] These L. species have a wide geographic distribution from South/North America to all over Middle East with a significant increase of number of patients in last few years in the countries such as Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Afghanistan, Iran, Syria, Algeria and in Saudi Arabia [2,3,4,5]. Reports have shown that the phlebotomine sandflies are commonly found in the desert regions around the farms, which assumed to be one of the responsible factors for the exposure of this parasitic infection among Saudi population [5]
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