Abstract
Adaptations to low temperature play a critical role in restricting the geographical distribution of insects. Decreasing day lengths and temperatures trigger seasonal cold adaptations in insects. These adaptions include changes in expression at the miRNA, mRNA and protein levels. The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, introduced from the Mississippi River, is a globally invasive pest of wetland rice that can survive at the northern border of China. To investigate the changes in expression at the protein level in overwintering female RWW adults, 6-plex tandem mass tags (TMTs) were used in overwintering and summer adults. By using a proteome database available for Curculionidae, 1077 proteins were quantified, 183 of which differed significantly between the overwintering and summer samples. To further understand these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), bioinformatics analyses such as gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed. DEPs associated with the terms binding, structural molecule activity, catalytic activity, multicellular organismal process, extracellular region, chitin binding, metabolic process, intracellular part and organic cyclic compound binding were altered by selection during winter. The changes in the expression of these proteins suggest that the proteins are important for RWW survival in winter.
Highlights
As an international quarantine species, rice water weevil (RWW; Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) causes severe economic problems in wetland rice agriculture, resulting in losses of up to 25% in untreated fields (Reay-Jones et al, 2008)
Using 6-plex tandem mass tags (TMTs) labeling-based proteomics approach, we identified and quantified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in overwintering and summer female RWW adults
The results offer insight into the differences in metabolic processes between the two stages and enhance our understanding of RWW overwintering diapause
Summary
As an international quarantine species, rice water weevil (RWW; Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) causes severe economic problems in wetland rice agriculture, resulting in losses of up to 25% in untreated fields (Reay-Jones et al, 2008). In China, RWW was first identified in 1988; it is distributed in 78% of the provinces and has become the most widespread invasive pest (Zhuo et al, 2018). This insect is located in areas with seasonal and environmental variability and must address periodic ecological adversity (Aghaee and Godfrey, 2014; Wan and Yang, 2016). There has been little research on how RWW overcomes the physiological challenges in extreme winter conditions (Yang et al, 2018)
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