Abstract
The use of the MRI-navigation system ensures accurate targeting of TMS. This, in turn, results in TMS motor mapping becoming a routinely used procedure in neuroscience and neurosurgery. However, currently, there is no standardized methodology for assessment of TMS motor-mapping results. Therefore, we developed TMSmap—free standalone graphical interface software for the quantitative analysis of the TMS motor mapping results (http://tmsmap.ru/). In addition to the estimation of standard parameters (such as the size of cortical muscle representation and the center of gravity location), it allows estimation of the volume of cortical representations, excitability profile of the cortical surface map, and the overlap between cortical representations. The input data for the software includes the coordinates of the coil position (or electric field maximum) and the corresponding response in each stimulation point. TMSmap has been developed for versatile assessment and comparison of TMS maps relating to different experimental interventions including, but not limited to longitudinal, pharmacological and clinical studies (e.g., stroke recovery). To illustrate the use of TMSmap we provide examples of the actual TMS motor-mapping analysis of two healthy subjects and one chronic stroke patient.
Highlights
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive approach for studying brain organization in humans
In order to identify the stimulated cortical area, a precise location of the coil should be determined with respect to the individual’s brain anatomy. This can be achieved with a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and devices tracking the position of the subject’s head and TMS coil, so-called navigated TMS approach which provides a navigation with millimeter accuracy (Krieg, 2017)
Minimum signal level surface – a user-customized threshold surface; 6. r_map and th_map built based on one of the two possible approaches (ABOS or Kernel); 7. 3 types of centers of gravity (CoG) based on the above-mentioned approaches; 8
Summary
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive approach for studying brain organization in humans. TMS mapping can be specified with the following two parameters: (1) type of TMS protocol: for instance, single pulse, or paired pulse TMS—routinely used for motor TMS mapping, repetitive TMS - used for TMSmap – Software for TMS-Mapping Analysis speech areas and so on; (2) type of the measured biological activity: electromyography (EMG) for motor cortex mapping, behavioral responses (phosphenes, reaction times, hit-rate, errors, etc.), electroencephalography (EEG), functional MRI (fMRI) etc Such a variety of protocols and neurophysiological measures indicates that TMS mapping represents a promising approach for the non-invasive investigation of the brain in different fields of neuroscience
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