Abstract
Motor cortical representation can be probed non-invasively using a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technique known as motor mapping. The mapping technique can influence features of the maps because of several controllable elements. Here we review the literature on six key motor mapping parameters, as well as their influence on outcome measures and discuss factors impacting their selection. 132 of 1,587 distinct records were examined in detail and synthesized to form the basis of our review. A summary of mapping parameters, their impact on outcome measures and feasibility considerations are reported to support the design and interpretation of TMS mapping studies.
Highlights
Motor mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique used to probe motor cortical representation in humans
We evaluated the effect of mapping parameter choices on the reliability of the mapping outcome measures, using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) when reported
We have summarized trends in test–retest reliability based on ICC cutoffs that appear when a common mapping parameter is employed in multiple studies
Summary
Motor mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique used to probe motor cortical representation in humans. We reviewed six distinct mapping parameters: navigation techniques, motor state, grid use, stimulator system factors, stimulus intensity, and muscle selection.
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