Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied to study patients with movement disorders. This article reviews the findings of such applications in patients with Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Huntington's disease, Tourette's syndrome, and essential tremor. The findings related to Parkinson's disease are characterized by a shortening of the cortical silence period (cSP), a reduction of short intracortical inhibition, an increase in the long-lasting intracortical inhibition, and a reduction of the normal motor evoked potential facilitation after single and repetitive TMS stimuli. Studies with paired-pulse TMS have provided controversial information on cortical motor excitability in Huntington's disease. The findings in dystonia include: a reduction of the short intracortical inhibition and a shortening of the cSP. In Tourette's syndrome patients, the cSP is short and intracortical inhibition is decreased. Patients with essential tremor have normal corticospinal conduction, normal duration of the cSP, and normal intracortical inhibition. Such application of TMS has produced enormous data and continues to do so.
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