Abstract

Plant cells have relatively high turgor pressure driving cell expansion, which is restricted by the cell wall. How plant cells grow in an intrinsically controlled manner is an intriguing question, and the phytohormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) plays a vital regulatory role. The auxin-mediated acid growth theory was proposed decades ago, whereas the underlying mechanisms were not fully elucidated. Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases, also called Arabidopsis AUTOINHIBITED H+ ATPASEs (AHAs), are proton pumps majorly responsible for regulating cell growth in plants.

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