TMJ MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MALOCCLUSION CAUSING PATHOLOGICAL LOWER JAW POSITION ASYMMETRY

Abstract

According to Russian researchers, the prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction ranks third in the structure of dental morbidity among adults. In recent decades, the attention of clinicians to the problem of TMD has been growing rapidly due to the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with malocclusion, complicated by joint pathology. The purpose of this article is to search for new knowledge that will improve quality of diagnosis of dysfunctional changes in the TMJ of patients with various malocclusion pathologies by identifying correlations between anatomical and morphological features of the joint and dentoalveolar anomalies. Understanding the trends in the development of characteristic morphofunctional disorders will make it easier for doctors to plan treatment for orthodontic patients and increase its effectiveness. Such patients require special attention from orthodontists. When writing this article, we have studied a lot of modern literature, as well as studies of foreign and Russian scientists who is involved in the treatment of dysfunction. However, we have not found the information that would show a direct relationship between anatomical and morphological features and malocclusion pathology, which was the purpose of our work. The article describes in detail the morphological and functional changes that occur at different stages TMD, the relationship between the shape of the glenoid fossa morphology process, included classification of the forms condyloid process described features of the development of bone structures of the TMJ depending on the type of pathological occlusion. Revealed statistics demonstrate the dependence of the frequency of dysfunction on the shape of the articular head and fossa. The analysis of computer tomograms of patients of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University allows us to conclude that the oval shape of the TMJ head and the rounded shape of the articular surface of the temporal bone can become a prerequisite for the development of dysfunctional changes. The results of our study will help orthodontists improve the quality of diagnostic measures and the effectiveness of treatment of patients with suspected TMD.