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Abstract
Trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO) is present in seafood which is considered to be beneficial for health. Deep-water animals accumulate TMAO to protect proteins, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), against hydrostatic pressure stress (HPS). We hypothesized that TMAO exerts beneficial effects on the circulatory system and protects cardiac LDH exposed to HPS produced by the contracting heart. Male, Sprague-Dawley and Spontaneously-Hypertensive-Heart-Failure (SHHF) rats were treated orally with either water (control) or TMAO. In vitro, LDH with or without TMAO was exposed to HPS and was evaluated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. TMAO-treated rats showed higher diuresis and natriuresis, lower arterial pressure and plasma NT-proBNP. Survival in SHHF-control was 66% vs 100% in SHHF-TMAO. In vitro, exposure of LDH to HPS with or without TMAO did not affect protein structure. In conclusion, TMAO reduced mortality in SHHF, which was associated with diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive effects. HPS and TMAO did not affect LDH protein structure.
Highlights
Some clinical studies have shown that increased levels of trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO) in the plasma are associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events (Tang et al, 2015; Trøseid et al, 2015; Tang et al, 2013)
There was no significant difference between the SD-control and SD-TMAO rats in survival rate (100% in both groups), body mass and food intake
We found that hydrostatic pressure stress (HPS) at the magnitude substantially greater than that generated by a contracting heart did not affect cardiac lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) protein structure with or without TMAO
Summary
Some clinical studies have shown that increased levels of trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO) in the plasma are associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events (Tang et al, 2015; Trøseid et al, 2015; Tang et al, 2013). TMAO originates from the liver oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA), a product of gut bacteria metabolism of l-carnitine and choline (Zeisel and Warrier, 2017; Ufnal et al, 2015). Another direct source of TMAO in humans is TMAO-rich seafood (Cheung et al, 2017; Yancey and Siebenaller, 2015).
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