TM modes with compact confinement and long propagation length in graphene hyperbolic metamaterial cladded hybrid plasmonic waveguides

Abstract

This work reports a graphene hyperbolic metamaterial hybrid plasmonic waveguides (GHMMHPW), and unlike traditional hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW), the GHMMHPW consists of a plasmonic cladding constructed by graphene hyperbolic metamaterial. Thanks to the particular structural arrangement, EM field can be localized and significantly enhanced in the low-index dielectric layer with nano-thickness. Thus, a superior performance is achieved. Meanwhile, electromagnetic parameters of graphene are tunable, and the mode properties also depend on the structural parameters, so the mode area and propagation distance can be optimized by adjusting these parameters flexibly. TM mode is supported in the GHMHPW, and improved performance is obtained. This study provides a novel and valuable reference for design of graphene plasmonic waveguides and prepares for the further development of micro-nano optics and integrated optoelectronic devices.