Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a widespread multifactorial disease in which environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors contribute to the phenotype. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes implicated in pivotal molecular mechanisms have been investigated as susceptible risk factors in distinct populations. Among these, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) represents a good candidate due to its role in the immune/inflammatory response and endometriosis pathogenesis. Methods: The TRL4 gene T399I SNP (C/T transition, rs4986791) was investigated in 236 Italian endometriosis patients and 150 controls by using the PCR-RFLP method. One-tailed Fisher’s exact test was used to compare differences between categorical variables. T399I genotype distribution was evaluated for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in both groups using the Chi-squared test for given probabilities. Results: Fisher’s exact test comparing C and T allele frequencies showed a difference in the frequency of T alleles between patients and controls (OR = 1.96, 95% confidence interval 0.91–4.23; p-value = 0.0552). Genotype frequencies did not show any significant difference between patients and controls. The homozygous TT genotype was observed in 2% of endometriosis women and not in controls. Conclusions: Our results show that the TLR4 rs4986791 T variant may be considered a genetic risk factor for endometriosis in Italian women. More extensive studies in other populations are needed to confirm this result.
Highlights
IntroductionThe disease is a common health problem affecting up to 10% of women in reproductive age [2]
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue predominantly in the pelvic peritoneum, ovarian and rectovaginal septum and, more rarely, in the diaphragmatic, pleural, and pericardial spaces [1].The disease is a common health problem affecting up to 10% of women in reproductive age [2].The phenotypic manifestations vary from a mild disease with peritoneal involvement to a severe form with both affected ovaries, infiltrating lesions and extensive adhesions [3]
The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of the TRL4 T399I polymorphism in this complex genetic scenario, by performing a case-control study comprising an Italian cohort of 236 patients affected by endometriosis and 150 healthy controls
Summary
The disease is a common health problem affecting up to 10% of women in reproductive age [2]. The phenotypic manifestations vary from a mild disease with peritoneal involvement to a severe form with both affected ovaries, infiltrating lesions and extensive adhesions [3]. Symptoms are often accompanied by chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and reduced fertility [4]. Intensity of pain symptoms varies significantly among patients, not always correlated with the severity of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a widespread multifactorial disease in which environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors contribute to the phenotype. Methods: The TRL4 gene T399I SNP (C/T transition, rs4986791) was investigated in 236 Italian endometriosis patients and 150 controls by using the PCR-RFLP method. T399I genotype distribution was evaluated for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in both groups using the Chi-squared test for given probabilities
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