Abstract

表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)的口服活性小分子抑制剂的开发为非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)提供了新的治疗方案。EGFR基因发生激活突变的患者对EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs)治疗敏感,该疗法使大量患者临床获益。第一代可逆型ATP-竞争型EGFR-TKIs,吉非替尼和厄洛替尼作为一线、二线或维持疗法具有疗效。尽管这些药物具有初始疗效,但大多数患者在1年内会产生抗药性,50%-60%的患者都与T790M管家基因出现突变有关。新近的不可逆型EGFR-TKIs-阿法替尼和dacomitinib可共价结合并抑制多个ErbB家族的受体(EGFR、HER2和HER4)。人们主要评价这些药物作为一线治疗的意义,以及在对第一代EGFR-TKIs产生获得性抗药性情况下的意义。阿法替尼是获批的第一种ErbB家族阻断剂,用于治疗带有EGFR激活突变的NSCLC患者;dacomitinib正处在临床开发的后期阶段。特异性靶向T790M抗药性突变的EGFR抑制剂(AZD9291、CO-1686、HM61713)正处在早期开发阶段。正如本文中的讨论,EGFR-TKIs靶向的激酶范围不同,它们结合EGFR受体的可逆性和药物相互作用的潜能也不同。对于临床医生来说,这些差异对经多种药物治疗的NSCLC患者具有意义,从创新型抗癌药物联合治疗策略的角度看,这些差异也极具意义。

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