Title Confined Sn Nanoparticles into 3D Porous Carbon Skeleton for High Performance Lithium Storage

Abstract

AbstractSn‐based materials, one of the most promising alternatives, hold higher theoretical capacity (994 mA h g−1) than traditional graphite anodes and attract great attention in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, an in‐situ formed sodium chloride (NaCl) is employed as the template to support the formation of a three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous carbon skeleton. The 3D porous materials, which specific surface area reach 221.1 m2/g, can shorten the ions transport path and increase the contact between the electrode and the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the Sn nanoparticles are restricted in the carbon matrix, which can effectively enhance the conductivity and solve some major problems of the volume fluctuation, particle aggregation and electrode pulverization. Consequently, the 3D porous carbon skeleton/Sn (3D‐PCSS) composites exhibit a high capacity (1046.7 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 60 cycles), long cycle life (490 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at 1000 mA g−1) and excellent rate performance. Moreover, a new method to improve energy storage properties in LIBs will be involved‐confining Sn nanoparticles in hierarchically porous 3D carbon skeleton.