Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be easily isolated form craniofacial bones during routine dentistry procedures. Due to their embryological origin from neural crest, they represent a suitable cell population to study cell-biomaterial interaction in the craniofacial field, including osteoinductive/osteointegrative processes. The biological and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs may be influenced by chemistry and topography of implant surfaces. We investigated if and how three different titanium surfaces, machined (MCH), sandblasted with resorbable blasting medium (RBM), and Ca++-nanostructured (NCA), may affect biological activity, osseointegration, and immunomodulatory properties of craniofacial MSCs. Cell proliferation, morphology, osteogenic markers, and FasL were evaluated on MSCs isolated from the mandibular bone after seeding on these three different surfaces. No statistically significant differences in cell proliferation were observed whereas different morphologies and growth patterns were detected for each type of surface. No difference in the expression of osteogenic markers was revealed. Interestingly, FasL expression, involved in the immunomodulatory activity of stem cells, was influenced by surface properties. Particularly, immunofluorescence analysis indicated that FasL expression increased on MCH surface compared to the others confirming the suggested role of FasL in promoting osteogenic differentiation. Titanium surface treatments and topography might reflect different biological behaviours of craniofacial MSCs and influence their osseointegration/immunomodulation properties.
Highlights
The interactions between cells and implant surfaces play an essential role in the field of dental surgery
We have demonstrated that cells isolated from the mandibular bone exhibit the characteristics of cells described as mesenchymal stromal cells in accordance to the criteria proposed by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) [9]
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) isolated from craniofacial bones may represent a suitable model for the study of cellular interaction with titanium surfaces
Summary
The interactions between cells and implant surfaces play an essential role in the field of dental surgery. Osseointegration process consists in the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to adhere to the implant and becoming mature osteoblasts [1]. As a matter of fact, the roughness of the implant surface and its chemistry, topography, and energy/wettability were demonstrated to impact cell biological properties [5]. Different cell sources have been studied in vitro to evaluate how surface properties might affect osseointegration [6]. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are commonly identified by a distinct surface phenotype as well as by their potential to differentiate into specific lineages in vitro [9]. Faster cell proliferation, delayed senescence, higher expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, and calcium
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