Titanium Niobium Oxide Ti2 Nb10 O29 /Carbon Hybrid Electrodes Derived by Mechanochemically Synthesized Carbide for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Lars Borchardt,Volker Presser,Öznil Budak,Pattarachai Srimuk,Mesut Aslan,Hwirim Shim

doi:10.1002/cssc.202002229

Lars Borchardt, Volker Presser + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202002229

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Abstract

This work introduces the facile and scalable two‐step synthesis of Ti2Nb10O29 (TNO)/carbon hybrid material as a promising anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The first step consisted of a mechanically induced self‐sustaining reaction via ball‐milling at room temperature to produce titanium niobium carbide with a Ti and Nb stoichiometric ratio of 1 to 5. The second step involved the oxidation of as‐synthesized titanium niobium carbide to produce TNO. Synthetic air yielded fully oxidized TNO, while annealing in CO2 resulted in TNO/carbon hybrids. The electrochemical performance for the hybrid and non‐hybrid electrodes was surveyed in a narrow potential window (1.0–2.5 V vs. Li/Li+) and a large potential window (0.05–2.5 V vs. Li/Li+). The best hybrid material displayed a specific capacity of 350 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.01 A g−1 (144 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1) in the large potential window regime. The electrochemical performance of hybrid materials was superior compared to non‐hybrid materials for operation within the large potential window. Due to the advantage of carbon in hybrid material, the rate handling was faster than that of the non‐hybrid one. The hybrid materials displayed robust cycling stability and maintained ca. 70 % of their initial capacities after 500 cycles. In contrast, only ca. 26 % of the initial capacity was maintained after the first 40 cycles for non‐hybrid materials. We also applied our hybrid material as an anode in a full‐cell lithium‐ion battery by coupling it with commercial LiMn2O4.

Highlights

To modifying the electronic band structure of TNO, one can employ conductive carbon in TNO electrodes.[5e,7] Combining neat metal oxides with carbon may either be accomplished by mechanical mixing or by nanoscopic blending of the two components in the electrode.[7b]. The resulting electrochemical properties strongly depend on the synthesis approach and resulting carbon distribution
The formation of titanium niobium carbide (TNC) occurs in the Ti-Nb-C system at 1600 °C
We present a facile two-step synthesis method for carbidederived electrode materials for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications based on Ti2Nb10O29 (TNO) and carbon

Summary

Electrodes Derived by Mechanochemically Synthesized

Öznil Budak,[a, b] Pattarachai Srimuk,[a] Mesut Aslan,[a] Hwirim Shim,[a, b] Lars Borchardt,[c] and Volker Presser*[a, b]. This work introduces the facile and scalable two-step synthesis of Ti2Nb10O29 (TNO)/carbon hybrid material as a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The second step involved the oxidation of as-synthesized titanium niobium carbide to produce TNO. The electrochemical performance of hybrid materials was superior compared to non-hybrid materials for operation within the large potential window. 26 % of the initial capacity was maintained after the first 40 cycles for non-hybrid materials. We applied our hybrid material as an anode in a full-cell lithium-ion battery by coupling it with commercial LiMn2O4. Introduction anode for LIBs.[3] This is due to the theoretical capacity of TNO (396 mAh g 1) being comparable to or higher than that of commercially used lithium-insertion materials such as graphite, TiO2, and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO).[4] The enhanced energy-storage capacity of TNO relates to its multiple redox couples of Ti4 + /3 +, Nb5 + /4 +, and Nb4 + /3 +.[5]

TNO suffers from a low electronic conductivity of about

Inorganic Chemistry I

Experimental Section

Material characterization

Material synthesis

Electrochemical characterization

Materials characterization

Electrochemical analysis

Conclusions