Titanium in Cast Cu-Sn Alloys-A Review.

Karthik Manu,Karthik Venkitaraman Shankar,Madikkamadom Radhakrishnan Sai Ganesh,Sudarsanan Aswath Narayanan,Jan Jezierski

doi:10.3390/ma14164587

Karthik Manu, Karthik Venkitaraman Shankar + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164587

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Abstract

The article reviews the progress made on bronze alloys processed through various casting techniques, and focuses on enhancements in the microstructural characteristics, hardness, tensile properties, and tribological behaviour of Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Ti alloys. Copper and its alloys have found several applications in the fields of automobiles, marine and machine tools specifically for propellers in submarines, bearings, and bushings. It has also been reported that bronze alloys are especially used as an anti-wear and friction-reducing material to make high performance bearings for roller cone cock bits and warships for defence purposes. In these applications, properties like tensile strength, yield strength, fatigue strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance are very important; however, these bronze alloys possess only moderate hardness, which results in low wear resistance, thereby limiting the application of these alloys in the automobile industry. The major factor that influences the properties of bronze alloys is the microstructure. Morphological changes in these bronze alloys are achieved through different manufacturing techniques, such as casting, heat treatment, and alloy addition, which enhance the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion characteristics. Alloying of Ti to cast Cu-Sn is very effective in changing the microstructure of bronze alloys. Reinforcing the bronze matrix with several ceramic particles and surface modifications also improves the properties of bronze alloys. The present article reviews the techniques involved in changing the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical and tribological behaviours of cast Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Ti alloys. Moreover, this article also reviews the industrial applications and future scope of these cast alloys in the automobile and marine industries.

Highlights

Introduction iationsUnderstanding the different properties of an alloy is crucial if its service is to be extended under particular working conditions
This study has revealed interesting facts about the intermetallic compounds formed after the commencement of the reaction
Because Sn is tightly linked with Ti, Sn concentration in Cu/Sn/Ti brazes should be kept below 21% by weight

Summary

Introduction

Understanding the different properties of an alloy is crucial if its service is to be extended under particular working conditions. Various studies on Cu-Sn alloys have been performed to expand their applications. Lead-based solders used to be very common, but there was a search for a better lead replacement due to its highly toxic nature. Cu-Sn alloys turned out to be a better replacement because of their non-toxic nature and significant abundance. Bronze alloys were found to be a viable material to make primer and detonating cords because of their high impulse transfer. The high conductivity of bronze alloys make them useful as a conducting material for winding applications, which will be described later. Many properties of Cu-Sn alloy have shown a wide range of compatibility with steel. Due to the high strength and low density of titanium, when compared to other alloying additives, the effects of titanium on various alloys have been studied by many

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