Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Biomolecule Interactions Influence Oral Absorption.

Mi-Rae Jo,Jae-Min Oh,Kyoung-Min Kim,Hyoung-Jun Kim,Jae Song,Soo-Jin Choi,Jin Yu

doi:10.3390/nano6120225

Mi-Rae Jo, Jae-Min Oh + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano6120225

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Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied in various industrial fields, such as electronics, packaging, food, and cosmetics. Accordingly, concerns about the potential toxicity of TiO2 NPs have increased. In order to comprehend their in vivo behavior and potential toxicity, we must evaluate the interactions between TiO2 NPs and biomolecules, which can alter the physicochemical properties and the fate of NPs under physiological conditions. In the present study, in vivo solubility, oral absorption, tissue distribution, and excretion kinetics of food grade TiO2 (f-TiO2) NPs were evaluated following a single-dose oral administration to rats and were compared to those of general grade TiO2 (g-TiO2) NPs. The effect of the interactions between the TiO2 NPs and biomolecules, such as glucose and albumin, on oral absorption was also investigated, with the aim of determining the surface interactions between them. The intestinal transport pathway was also assessed using 3-dimensional culture systems. The results demonstrate that slightly higher oral absorption of f-TiO2 NPs compared to g-TiO2 NPs could be related to their intestinal transport mechanism by microfold (M) cells, however, most of the NPs were eliminated through the feces. Moreover, the biokinetics of f-TiO2 NPs was highly dependent on their interaction with biomolecules, and the dispersibility was affected by modified surface chemistry.

Highlights

Since the 21st century, nanotechnology has expanded its applicability to various industrial fields including electronics [1], chemical processes [2], medicines [3], and other bio-related fields [4]
We evaluated the biological behaviors of two kinds of TiO2 NPs, food grade (f-TiO2) and general grade (g-TiO2)
As the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the two different TiO2 NPs were similar in terms of intensity and sharpness, both NPs were considered to have a similar degree of crystallite size

Summary

Introduction

Since the 21st century, nanotechnology has expanded its applicability to various industrial fields including electronics [1], chemical processes [2], medicines [3], and other bio-related fields [4]. In the early stages of NP toxicity studies, the cytotoxicity of TiO2 NPs was studied in terms of both their high specific surface area and semiconducting properties. Donaldson et al reported that small TiO2 particles (~20 nm) showed more plasmid breakage than larger TiO2 (~500 nm), when they were incubated with plasmid DNA [11]. They suggested that the surface characteristics of TiO2 NPs were crucial to generate free radicals, which mediates DNA destruction. Uchino et al reported that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells incubated with Aeroxide® P25 (20 nm sized TiO2 NPs produced by Evonik Industries) showed significantly reduced viability after ultraviolet ray irradiation [12]. Zhang et al reported that the cell viability of human colon carcinoma LS147T cells significantly decreased to 20% by simultaneous ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and TiO2 NP treatment, while only NP-treated cells exhibited more than 90% of their original viability [13]

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