Abstract
The lack of stability is a challenge for most heterogeneous catalysts. During operations, the agglomeration of particles may block the active sites of the catalyst, which is believed to contribute to its instability. Recently, titanium oxide (TiO2) was introduced as an alternative support material for heterogeneous catalyst due to the effect of its high surface area stabilizing the catalysts in its mesoporous structure. TiO2 supported metal catalysts have attracted interest due to TiO2 nanoparticles high activity for various reduction and oxidation reactions at low pressures and temperatures. Furthermore, TiO2 was found to be a good metal oxide catalyst support due to the strong metal support interaction, chemical stability, and acid-base property. The aforementioned properties make heterogeneous TiO2 supported catalysts show a high potential in photocatalyst-related applications, electrodes for wet solar cells, synthesis of fine chemicals, and others. This review focuses on TiO2 as a support material for heterogeneous catalysts and its potential applications.
Highlights
With porous characteristics, support materials offer a high dispersion of nanoparticle catalyst and simplify electron transfer, both of which contribute to better catalytic activities [17,18,19,20]
Some studies on the effect of the crystalline phase of TiO2 towards the catalytic performance of Manganese oxides (MnO)/TiO2 heterogeneous catalyst were carried out in [194], and it was discovered that compared to anatase and rutile anatase+rutile resulted in better dispersion of MnO on the support surface, suppressed the agglomeration of catalyst particles, and produced more Mn2O3, which is more active for the oxidation of NO [195, 196]
The electronic conductivity improved by utilizing TiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst support, the stability was compromised after extensive polarization at high oxygen electrode potentials
Summary
With porous characteristics, support materials offer a high dispersion of nanoparticle catalyst and simplify electron transfer, both of which contribute to better catalytic activities [17,18,19,20]. TiO2 is a recognized heterogeneous catalyst support that is broadly utilized in fuel processing due to its tunable porous surface and distribution, high thermal stability, and mechanical strength [24, 25]. Being used in this manner contributes to the ability of TiO2 to develop Lewis acidity as well as redox properties [25]
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