Abstract
Abstract Effect of titanium deficiency on the structure and electrical properties of lead-free (Ba0.838Ca0.162)(Ti0.908-xZr0.092)O3 (0.46BZT-0.54BCTx, x = 0.000, 0.0004, 0.0008, 0.0012, 0.0016, 0.0020) compositions was investigated. The Ti-deficient compositions exhibited typically tetragonal-structured characteristics confirmed by XRD and Raman spectra regardless of trace amount of Ti deficiency. Ti-deficiency could result in double doping mechanism, namely soft characteristic for low Ti deficiency and hard characteristic for high Ti deficiency. Thermal stability of piezoelectricity could be effectively improved by Ti deficiency compared to pure 0.46BZT-0.54BCT, but inferior to Mn-doping composition. This defect engineering can be an effective and promising way to tailor the thermal stability of piezoelectric materials suitable for high temperature applications.
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