Abstract
The aim of this study is to synthesize Titania nanotubes (TNTs) on the 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V surface and investigate the loading of antibacterial vancomycin drug dose of 200 ppm for local drug treatment application for 24 h. The antibacterial drug release from synthesized nanotubes evaluated via the chemical surface measurement and the linear fitting of Korsmeyer–Peppas model was also assessed. The TNTs were synthesized on the Ti-6Al-4V surface through the anodization process at different anodization time. The TNTs morphology was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The wettability and the chemical composition of the Ti-6Al-4V surface and the TNTs were assessed using the contact angle meter, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The vancomycin of 200 ppm release behavior under controlled atmosphere was measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hence, the position for retention time at 2.5 min was ascertained. The FESEM analysis confirmed the formation of nanostructured TNTs with vertically oriented, closely packed, smooth and unperforated walls. The maximum cumulative vancomycin release of 34.7% (69.5 ppm) was recorded at 24 h. The wetting angle of both Ti-6Al-4V implant and the TNTs were found below 90 degrees. This confirmed their excellent wettability.
Highlights
Prior to surface morphology examination, the anodized titania implants were etched with 0.1 M HCl to reduce the scale oxide, which covers the surface of the deposited titania nanotubes array
The Titania nanotubes (TNTs) were vertically oriented on the Ti-6Al-4V substrate material, closely packed with smooth and unperforated walls in all the anodized titania implants
The TNTs were vertically oriented on the Ti-6Al-4V substrate material closely packed with smooth and unperforated walls in all the anodized titania implants Numerous nanostructures could be noticed in all the anodized titania implants
Summary
The cases related to bone fracture operations are progressively rising annually. This is due to an annual increase in aging population and traffic accidents. There is increasing demand for bone fixation implants such as plate or intramedullary nail. The most common materials used to fabricate orthopaedic implants include stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, titanium and its alloys [1,2,3]
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