Abstract
Titania/electro-reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids (TiO2/ErGO) were synthesized by the hydrolysis of titanium sulfate in graphene oxide suspension and in situ electrochemical reduction. It provides a facile and efficient method to obtain nanohybrids with TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) uniformly coated by graphene nanoflakes. TiO2/ErGO nanohybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammogram, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in detail. Compared with pure ErGO and TiO2 NPs, TiO2/ErGO nanohybrids greatly enhanced the electrocatalytic activity and voltammetric response of Allura Red. In the concentration range of 0.5–5.0 μM, the anodic peak currents of Allura Red were linearly correlated to their concentrations. However, the linear relationship was changed to the semi-logarithmic relationship at a higher concentration region (5.0–800 μM). The detection limit (LOD) was 0.05 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The superior sensing performances of the proposed sensor can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between TiO2 NPs and ErGO, which provides a favorable microenvironment for the electrochemical oxidation of Allura Red. The proposed TiO2/ErGO/GCE showed good reproducibility and stability both in determination and in storage, and it can accurately detect the concentration of Allura Red in milk drinks, providing an efficient platform for the sensitive determination of Allura Red with high reliability, simplicity, and rapidness.
Highlights
Nowadays, the safety of food additives has become an increasingly important concern worldwide, since most of these substances are poisonous and even carcinogenic
A novel electrochemical sensor based on TiO2/ErGO nanocomposites were developed for the sensitive detection of Allura Red
TiO2/ErGO nanocomposites were synthesized by the hydrolysis of titanium sulfate in graphene oxide suspension and in situ electrochemical reduction
Summary
The safety of food additives has become an increasingly important concern worldwide, since most of these substances are poisonous and even carcinogenic. Allura Red contains an –N=N– group, which is electrochemically active and can be reduced at the mercury electrodes [22,23] These mercury electrodes have low detection limits, toxic mercury electrodes are not environmentally friendly and cause adverse health problems. Novel electrochemical sensors based on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) [28,29], ionic liquids [30], cobalt oxide [31], and cobalt complex [32] modified electrodes have shown great potentials on the detection of Allura Red, due to their excellent accumulation efficiency and large specific surface area. The proposed TiO2/ErGO exhibited good selectivity, sensitivity, and stability for the detection of Allura Red
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