Abstract
Titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) have been considered as biocompatible nanomaterials (NMs) for biomedical uses. Hereby, we compared the toxicity of TiNTs and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our results showed that TiNTs were less effectively internalized into HUVECs compared with TiO2 NPs, but none of the NMs induced cytotoxicity or activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was only modestly induced by TiNTs and TiO2 NPs. However, both types of NMs significantly promoted the protein levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). TiNTs also promoted the release of soluble (sVCAM-1), but THP-1 monocyte adhesion onto HUVECs was only induced by TiO2 NPs. TiNTs decreased the production of NO, associated with a decrease of protein levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). The transcription factors of eNOS, including kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and KLF4, were more effectively down-regulated by TiNTs compared with TiO2 NPs. In conclusion, our results indicated that TiNTs, albeit not cytotoxic, might impair NO signaling pathway in human endothelial cells leading to the activation of endothelial cells.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.