Abstract
Background: Recent studies showed that trans-ε-viniferin (ε-viniferin), a trans-resveratrol dehydrodimer, has anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects in rodents. The main purpose of this work was to assess the tissue distribution study of ε-viniferin and its metabolites after intraperitoneal (IP) administration in rat. Methods: After IP injection of 50 mg/kg, ε-viniferin and its metabolites were identified and quantified in plasma, liver, kidneys, adipose tissues, urine, and faeces by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Results: ε-Viniferin underwent a rapid hepatic metabolism mostly to glucuronides but also to a lesser extent to sulphate derivatives. The highest glucuronide concentrations were found in liver followed by plasma and kidneys whereas only traces amounts were found in adipose tissues. In contrast the highest ε-viniferin areas under concentration (AUC) and mean residence times (MRT) values were found in white adipose tissues. Finally, much lower levels of ε-viniferin or its metabolites were found in urine than in faeces, suggesting that biliary excretion is the main elimination pathway. Conclusion: A rapid and large metabolism of ε-viniferin and a high bioaccumulation in white adipose tissues were observed. Thus, these tissues could be a reservoir of the native form of ε-viniferin that could allow its slow release and a sustained presence within the organism.
Highlights
Trans-ε-viniferin (ε-viniferin), a stilbene oligomer formed by two units of trans-resveratrol monomer (Figure 1), is found in various plant families such as Vitaceae, Gnetaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae or Dipterocarpaceae [1,2,3,4]. ε-Viniferin is a major constituent of Vitis species [5]
The same authors showed in mice that administration over four weeks of a diet containing 0.2% of ε-viniferin significantly reduced subcutaneous, epididymal, and retroperitoneal adipose tissue weights and the body weight
We found an intense metabolism in which more than 75% of the ε-viniferin was converted into glucuronide and sulphate metabolites in rat and human [16]
Summary
Trans-ε-viniferin (ε-viniferin), a stilbene oligomer formed by two units of trans-resveratrol monomer (Figure 1), is found in various plant families such as Vitaceae, Gnetaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae or Dipterocarpaceae [1,2,3,4]. ε-Viniferin is a major constituent of Vitis species [5]. The principal source of ε-viniferin is wine and its amount ranging from 0.2 to 4.3 mg/L [6,7] It is considered nowadays as a potential bioactive molecule with promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective activities [8,9,10,11]. A significantly decrease in inflammatory and obesity-related gene expression (tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and leptin) was observed in vitro and in vivo [12]. These results are in accordance with a study in which, ε-viniferin (2.5, 5, and 10 μM). In contrast the highest ε-viniferin areas under concentration (AUC) and mean residence times (MRT) values were found in white adipose tissues
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