Tissue Scaffolds Derived from Goat Esophagus By Herbal Detergent

Abstract

AbstractThe main focus of this study was to explore the decellularization property of soap nut pericarp extract (SPE) as a safe natural detergent for decellularized tubular esophageal scaffold as chemical detergents like sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and Triton X-100 impair the collagenous and non-collagenous proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and growth factors. Further, certain chemicals and enzymes are responsible for residual cytotoxicity in the decellularized extracellular matrix. Different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, and 10%) of SPE were used for the decellularization of the goat esophagus. Histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin- and Masson’s trichrome-stained tissue samples confirmed decellularization with preservation of extracellular matrix microarchitecture. Scanning electron microscopic images of the luminal surface of decellularized esophageal matrix showed randomly oriented collagen fibers with large interconnected pores and cells were absent. However, the external surface was more textured with fibrous structures, and collagen fibers were well preserved. The DAPI-stained decellularized tissues revealed the complete removal of nuclear components, verified by DNA content measurement and SDS-PAGE. The FTIR spectra of decellularized goat esophagus show absorption peaks of amides A, B, I, II, and III. Elastic modulus of the decellularized goat esophagus scaffolds increased (P > 0.05) as compared to native tissues. Histological and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of in vitro seeded scaffolds showed attachment and growth of primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (P-CEFs) over and within the decellularized scaffolds. It was concluded that 5% SPE is ideal for the preparation of cytocompatible decellularized goat esophageal scaffold with well-preserved extracellular matrix architecture and may be used as an alternative to biological detergents and other chemicals.Key wordsGoat esophagusDecellularizationSoap nut pericarp extractDAPI stainingFTIR