Abstract
Acute toxicity of arsenic to Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and tissue repairing activity of Glycosmis pentaphylla leaf extract and its histological impacts on gill, liver, and kidney tissues were evaluated. Fish were divided into six groups viz. control, group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, and group 5. 4.87 ppm of NaAsO2 was administrated in group 1, group 3, and group 5. In group 3, after arsenic exposure, 2.5 g of leaf extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla per kg of fish food was added. In group 5, 5g of G. pentaphylla leaf extract per kg of fish food was added. In group 2, 2.5 g of leaf extract per kg of fish food was added and in group 4, 5g leaf extract per kg of fish food was added. The control group showed normal histology of the gill, liver, and kidney. The histological observations revealed the tissue repairing activities in group 2 fish’s gill, liver, and kidney. These results revealed the protective and tissue repairing potential of G. pentaphylla as a feed supplement against NaAsO2 induced toxicity.
Highlights
Fishes were exposed to 4.87 ppm of waterborne NaAsO2 which correspond to 10% of the 96 h LC50
In the present study, the 96-hour LC50 of O. mossambicus against NaAsO2 was determined as 4.8790 ppm with 95% confidence intervals
The present study shows that NaAsO2 is very toxic to fish even at sub-lethal and short-term exposure
Summary
Arsenic (As) is a moderately toxic, naturally abundant element with no known nutritional or metabolic roles. Arsenic concentrations are much more variable in freshwater than in estuaries and oceans. Natural and anthropogenic sources can cause a high concentration of arsenic in freshwater without apparent effects on fish. 90% of As in fish is organic As, with arsenobetaine being the dominant species in marine fish; speciation in freshwater fish is much more variable. Except in the case of unusually high inorganic waterborne and food exposure, few environmental situations caused fish to lose their homeostatic regulatory mechanisms (McIntyre & Linton 2012). Bioaccumulation occurs when freshwater creatures, such as fish, are continuously exposed to low levels of As, in the liver and kidney. As causes hyperglycemia, enzymatic activity depletion, acute and chronic toxicity, as well as immune system malfunction (BibhaKumari et al 2016)
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