Tissue Microarray Analysis of the Prognostic Value of E-Cadherin, Ki67, p53, p27, Survivin and MSH2 Expression in Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Objectives: Invasive upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UUT-TCC) has a poor prognosis (survival <50% at 5 years), and tumor stage and grade often fail to predict outcome. Our purpose was to establish whether the expression of Ki67, p53, p27, E-cadherin, survivin or MSH2 can provide prognostic information in UUT-TCC. Methods: The following data from the files of 62 patients treated for UUT-TCC over 12 years were collated: age at diagnosis, prior history of cancer, tobacco consumption, tumor stage (including surgical margins) and grade, and disease progression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Ki67, p53, p27, E-cadherin, survivin and MSH2 was performed on tissue microarray sections from tumor tissue. Results: Overall, 31 patients died with metastasis from UUT-TCC. Mean survival was 20 ± 16 months (range 2–83). In a univariate analysis, advanced age (>68 years), high stage, and loss of E-cadherin and high Ki67 expression were associated with a poor prognosis and disease recurrence. In a multivariate analysis, the independent factors of prognosis and recurrence were E-cadherin ( p = 0.001; p = 0.004), age ( p = 0.022; p = 0.008), and high stage ( p = 0.023; p = 0.008). Conclusions: E-cadherin is a useful independent prognostic factor in UUT-TCC, for use in addition to age and tumor stage. It is of particular interest to predict recurrence in patients with low grade non-invasive tumors. Ki67 expression is informative but less significant. Survivin, p53, p27 and MSH2 have no prognostic value.