Abstract
A peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has severe and profound effects on the life of a patient. The therapeutic approach remains one of the most challenging clinical problems. In recent years, many constructive nerve regeneration schemes are proposed at home and abroad. Nerve tissue engineering plays an important role. It develops an ideal nerve substitute called artificial nerve. Given the complexity of nerve regeneration, this review summarizes the pathophysiology and tissue-engineered repairing strategies of the PNI. Moreover, we discussed the scaffolds and seed cells for neural tissue engineering. Furthermore, we have emphasized the role of 3D printing in tissue engineering.
Highlights
A peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a medical problem mainly caused by external trauma after stretching, tearing, or extrusion of peripheral nerves. [1] It has attracted social attention because of its enormous social and economic pressure
This review describes the pathophysiology of PNI and its repair strategies
The repair strategies involve the intersection of biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering
Summary
A peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a medical problem mainly caused by external trauma after stretching, tearing, or extrusion of peripheral nerves. [1] It has attracted social attention because of its enormous social and economic pressure. A peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a medical problem mainly caused by external trauma after stretching, tearing, or extrusion of peripheral nerves. [1] It has attracted social attention because of its enormous social and economic pressure. In the United States, the economic loss caused by nerve injury exceeds $150 billion annually, and the treatment cost exceeds billions of dollars every year. The peripheral nervous system can self-regenerate and repair itself after injury. The repair is often slow and incomplete because axon extension depends on the synthesis and transportation of the intracellular substances, and the regeneration speed is similar to that of axon transportation, about 1–3 mm/day [4]. The stretch or crush injury results are better than those of transection. The recovery of the distal injury is better than that of the proximal injury, because axon growth only needs a short distance to reach the distal stump
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