Abstract
The musculoskeletal tissues bone, cartilage and ligament/tendon are highly structured nanocomposites consisting of nanofibres embedded in a matrix of different composition. Thus, it was a logical step that during the hype of nano in the last decade, nanotechnology and nanomaterials became a hot topic in the field of musculoskeletal repair. Especially the fact that using nanomaterials would encompass a biomimetic approach, thus copying nature, was promising. However, it became evident that using nanomaterials in the repair of musculoskeletal tissues had a longer history than initially thought and its way was paved with failures, which are important to remember when applying current ideas. This current opinion paper summarises some fundamental aspects of nanomaterials to be used for musculoskeletal application and discusses where this field might move to in the near future.
Highlights
After introducing the concept – at that time a rather philosophical one – of how to manipulate atoms by the Nobel Prize-winner Richard Feynman in 1960 [1], it took more than 20 years until the atoms could be visualised by the scanning probe microscope [2]
The musculoskeletal tissues bone, cartilage and ligament/ tendon are highly structured nanocomposites consisting of nanofibres embedded in a matrix of different composition
It became evident that using nanomaterials in the repair of musculoskeletal tissues had a longer history than initially thought and its way was paved with failures, which are important to remember when applying current ideas
Summary
The musculoskeletal tissues bone, cartilage and ligament/ tendon are highly structured nanocomposites consisting of nanofibres embedded in a matrix of different composition. It was a logical step that during the hype of nano in the last decade, nanotechnology and nanomaterials became a hot topic in the field of musculoskeletal repair. It became evident that using nanomaterials in the repair of musculoskeletal tissues had a longer history than initially thought and its way was paved with failures, which are important to remember when applying current ideas. This current opinion paper summarises some fundamental aspects of nanomaterials to be used for musculoskeletal application and discusses where this field might move to in the near future
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