Abstract
Cartilage is a special avascular tissue with sparse chondrocytes imbedding in the dense Extracellular Matrix (ECM). Cartilage injuries can be caused by trauma, osteoarthritis, obesity, meniscus injury, joint line change and chronic joint instability. Cartilage has inferior self-healing capacity due to the lack of ECM and the blood supply, in which one for the chondrocyte migration and another for proliferation. Therefore replacement is the best way for cartilage repair. Tissue engineering is a novel strategy for cartilage replacement and consists of three key elements, i.e. cells, signaling molecules and scaffolds. Here we will present the recent progress of cartilage tissue engineering from these three parts.
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