Abstract
BackgroundTendons play an important role in transferring stress between muscles and bones and in maintaining the stability of joints. Tendon tears are difficult to heal and are associated with high recurrence rates. So, the objective of this study was to develop a biodegradable scaffold for tendon-bone junction regeneration.MethodsTwo types of polylactic acid (PLA) yarns, having fibers with round and four deep grooved cross-sections, were braided into tubular scaffolds and cultured with murine Transforming growth factor beta type II receptor (Tgfbr2)-expressing joint progenitor cells. The scaffolds were designed to mimic the mechanical, immuno-chemical and biological properties of natural mouse tendon-bone junctions. Three different tubular scaffolds measuring 2 mm in diameter were braided on a Steeger 16-spindle braiding machine and biological and mechanical performance of the three scaffolds were evaluated.ResultsThe mechanical test results indicated that three different braided scaffold structures provided a wide range of mechanical properties that mimic the components of tendon bone junction and results of the biological tests confirmed cell viability, active cell attachment and proliferation throughout all three scaffolds.ConclusionsThis study has identified that the three proposed types of braided scaffolds with some improvement in their structures have the potential to be used as scaffolds for the regeneration of a tendon bone tissue junction.
Highlights
Tendons play an important role in transferring stress between muscles and bones and in maintaining the stability of joints
Tendon tears have a poor healing capacity, and the most common tendon bone junction injuries are at the Achilles tendon, the rotator cuff and the anterior cruciate ligament
Physical properties of the braided scaffolds Braids have several advantages over other types of tubular structures. They are soft, flexible and semipermeable tubes that can be placed inside living organisms using a trocar or a catheter without major complications
Summary
Tendons play an important role in transferring stress between muscles and bones and in maintaining the stability of joints. The tendon-bone junction is a functionally graded tissue material, which provides the transition from a flexible and soft tissue tendon to hard mineralized bone. It plays an important role in transferring mechanical stresses between muscles and bones and in maintaining the stability of joints. Tendon tears have a poor healing capacity, and the most common tendon bone junction injuries are at the Achilles tendon, the rotator cuff and the anterior cruciate ligament. This simplistic approach assumes that a tissue junction consists of only two types of cells that join at the interface
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