Abstract
PurposeThe objective of this study is to evaluate the laser-tissue effects of laser radiation emitted by a newly developed high frequency pulsed Tm:YAG laser in comparison to the continuous wave Tm:YAG laser and the pulsed Ho:YAG laser.MethodsEx-vivo experiments were performed on freshly slaughtered porcine kidneys in a physiological saline solution. Experiments were performed using two different laser devices in different settings: A Tm:YAG laser was operated in a pulsed mode up to 300 Hz and in a continuous wave (CW) mode. Results were compared with a 100 W standard pulsed Ho:YAG laser system. Comparative tissue experiments were performed at 5 W, 40 W and 80 W. The incision depth and the laser damage zone were measured under a microscope using a calibrated ocular scale.ResultsIncreased laser power resulted in increased incision depth and increased laser damage zone for all investigated lasers in this set-up. The Ho:YAG created the largest combined tissue effect at the 5 W power setting and seems to be the least controllable laser at low power for soft tissue incisions. The CW Tm:YAG did not incise at all at 5 W, but created the largest laser damage zone. For the new pulsed Tm:YAG laser the tissue effect grew evenly with increasing power.ConclusionAmong the investigated laser systems in this setting the pulsed Tm:YAG laser shows the most controllable behavior, insofar as both the incision depth and the laser damage zone increase evenly with increasing laser power.
Highlights
In the last three decades, several different laser technologies have been introduced and have found their applications in surgical procedures [1,2,3,4]
This study aims to compare the tissue effects of the newly developed pulsed Tm:YAG laser with the established effects of continuous wave (CW) Tm:YAG laser and the pulsed Holmium:YAG laser (Ho):YAG laser
This study evaluates the incision depth and the laser damage zone due to the absorbed laser power
Summary
In the last three decades, several different laser technologies have been introduced and have found their applications in surgical procedures [1,2,3,4]. For urologic surgery the Holmium:YAG laser (Ho:YAG) and the Thulium:YAG. A promising further development for the Tm:YAG laser is the addition of a pulsed emission mode to combine the strong vaporization effect of the Tm:YAG laser with the properties of the Ho:YAG laser. World Journal of Urology (2021) 39:3503–3508 technical modification allows the Tm:YAG laser to be operated in either continuous wave mode or pulsed emission mode. This study aims to compare the tissue effects of the newly developed pulsed Tm:YAG laser with the established effects of CW Tm:YAG laser and the pulsed Ho:YAG laser
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