Tissue Doppler Imaging and 2‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking of Left Ventricular Function in Horses Exposed to Lasalocid

Abstract

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and 2-dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) can quantify left ventricular (LV) function in horses. To evaluate LV function by TDI and 2DST in horses with myocardial dysfunction after accidental ionophore intoxication. Sixty-seven horses exposed to lasalocid in feed. Prospective study. Horses were included in the study if a full cardiac examination was performed, consisting of determination of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), electrocardiography, and echocardiography. By TDI, radial systolic velocity and strain were measured. By 2DST, circumferential (SC) and radial (SR) strain at papillary muscle and chordal level and longitudinal (SL) strain were measured. Twenty horses showed signs of myocardial injury. Forty-nine examinations were performed on these horses between day 30 and 490 after suspected onset of exposure. Five horses had increased cTnI and ventricular tachycardia and 15 had increased cTnI without ventricular tachycardia. Horses with mild myocardial damage showed few significant differences compared with a control group. Horses with severe myocardial damage showed severely decreased TDI, 2DST and fractional shortening measurements (P < .05), indicating impaired LV function. Long-term follow-up of 2 surviving horses demonstrated full recovery in 1 horse and permanent myocardial fibrosis in the other. The lowest measurements per horse (n = 20) for all TDI measurements, SL, SR at chordal level, and FS correlated significantly with maximal cTnI (P < .05). Over all examinations (n = 49), TDI and 2DST measurements correlated well with FS (P < .05). The TDI and 2DST measurements allowed accurate detection and quantification of LV dysfunction in horses exposed to lasalocid.