Abstract
Abstract Ancient wheats are increasingly considered as valuable resources for genes of interest which could be analyzed and introduced into cultivated varieties by genetic engineering technologies. The first stage of biotechnological crop improvement consists of successful in vitro plant regeneration. Twelve wheat germplasms with different genomic formulas (AA, AABB, AAGG, AABBDD, AADDGG genomes) were examined with the use of two explant types (immature vs. mature embryos). All of the tested germplasms were able to regenerate plants, although the morphogenic ability of immature embryos was higher. The highest rate of embryogenic/regenerable structure formation was found in immature embryo cultures of tetraploid species (T. polonicum, T. turgidum, T. carthlicum, and T. dicoccum) as well as of hexaploid T. spelta. At the same time, diploid einkorn wheat (T. monococcum) and polyploid species with G chromosomes (T. timopheevii and T. kiharae) were characterized by low embryogenesis and by the presence of albino plantlets among shoots.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum L.) is one of the most important food grains used around the globe for human food and livestock feed
Callus growth and embryogenesis were observed in the cultured tissues of all tested wheat species (Tables 1 and 2)
Mixtures of the embryogenic callus surrounded by amorphous callus were observed in most of the wheat species after 10-15 days of cultivation (Figure 1)
Summary
Wheat (Triticum L.) is one of the most important food grains used around the globe for human food and livestock feed. Embryogenic calli produced by mature or immature embryos were transferred into culture flasks on hormone-free medium containing MS mineral salts and vitamins, 20 g L-1 sucrose, and 7 g L-1 agarose.
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