Abstract
When porous hydroxyapatite ceramics or rat bone marrow cells were implanted at subcutaneous sites, bone formation could not be detected at the sites. However, when composites of the ceramics and bone marrow were implanted, bone formation appeared at 3 weeks post implantation on the ceramic pore surface. Thus, the bone formed bonded to the ceramic. Bone Gla protein (BGP) is synthesized exclusively by bone or dentin-forming cells. Therefore, we analyzed gene expression of BGP in the composites by the northern blotting method. Total RNAs were extracted from the harvested implants, transferred to the nylon membranes, and hybridized to redialabeled probe. The probe used was oligonucleotides (46 mer) of rat BGP DNA. The BGP mRNA could not be detected in the bone marrow cells before the implantation or in the ceramic implantation without marrow cells. However, high level of the mRNA comparable with that in rat cancellous bone was found at 4 weeks post implantation of the composites. Thus, osteoblastic phenotype expression of undifferentiated cells on the surface of hydroxyapatite was confirmed. These results suggest that bioactive materials support the osteogenic differentiation on the surface and the differentiation finally results in tissue integration (bone bonding) with the materials.
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