Abstract
With the increasing understanding of the molecular mechanism of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in prostate cancer (PCa), the predictive potential of miRNAs has received more attention by clinicians and laboratory scientists. Compared with the traditional prognostic tools based on clinicopathological variables, including the prostate-specific antigen, miRNAs may be helpful novel molecular biomarkers of biochemical recurrence for a more accurate risk stratification of PCa patients after radical prostatectomy and may contribute to personalized treatment. Tissue samples from prostatectomy specimens are easily available for miRNA isolation. Numerous studies from different countries have investigated the role of tissue-miRNAs as independent predictors of disease recurrence, either alone or in combination with other clinicopathological factors. For this purpose, a PubMed search was performed for articles published between 2008 and 2017. We compiled a profile of dysregulated miRNAs as potential predictors of biochemical recurrence and discussed their current clinical relevance. Because of differences in analytics, insufficient power and the heterogeneity of studies, and different statistical evaluation methods, limited consistency in results was obvious. Prospective multi-institutional studies with larger sample sizes, harmonized analytics, well-structured external validations, and reasonable study designs are necessary to assess the real prognostic information of miRNAs, in combination with conventional clinicopathological factors, as predictors of biochemical recurrence.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide
Numerous pre- and post-treatment nomograms based on well-established clinicopathological factors, such as clinical and pathological tumor stage, bioptic and pathological histological grading systems according to Gleason, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values, have been used to estimate the individual risk of the disease course
This refers to the prediction of different clinical end points like biochemical recurrence (BCR), occurrence of metastases, cancer-specific death, and overall survival [4,5,6]
Summary
Since the mid 1980s, the widespread use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has substantially shaped the management of this cancer, but its overdiagnosis and overtreatment has gained increasing attention after a controversial debate on the PSA-based early detection and screening approach [2,3] This is a result of the heterogeneous behavior of the disease from the entirely indolent to the extremely aggressive tumor. Numerous pre- and post-treatment nomograms based on well-established clinicopathological factors, such as clinical and pathological tumor stage, bioptic and pathological histological grading systems according to Gleason, and PSA values, have been used to estimate the individual risk of the disease course This refers to the prediction of different clinical end points like biochemical recurrence (BCR), occurrence of metastases, cancer-specific death, and overall survival [4,5,6]. This is true both for the risk estimation after PCa detection and for the follow-up after treatment
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