Abstract

For the first time, we report the synthesis of turbostratic carbon derived from tire waste with high surface area and its utilization as an electrode material in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The tire waste carbon was initially subjected to acid demineralization followed by KOH activation wherein the carbon to KOH ratio was varied (1:1, 1:2, and 1:5), and the electrochemical performance toward VO2+/VO2+, V3+/V4+, and V2+/V3+ redox reactions was investigated. The turbostratic nature of carbon derived from tire waste was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements revealed the surface area was as high as 875 m2·g–1 for the 1:5 KOH activated sample. The electrochemical performance of pretreated carbon (TW) and turbostratic carbon (1:1, 1:2, and 1:5) was compared by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge–discharge methods. Our results indicated that the...

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