Abstract
This paper deals with the modeling of rolling resistance and the analysis of the effect of pavement texture. The Rolling Resistance Model (RRM) is a simplification of the no-slip rate of the Dynamic Friction Model (DFM) based on modeling tire/road contact and is intended to predict the tire/pavement friction at all slip rates. The experimental validation of this approach was performed using a machine simulating tires rolling on road surfaces. The tested pavement surfaces have a wide range of textures from smooth to macro-micro-rough, thus covering all the surfaces likely to be encountered on the roads. A comparison between the experimental rolling resistances and those predicted by the model shows a good correlation, with an R2 exceeding 0.8. A good correlation between the MPD (mean profile depth) of the surfaces and the rolling resistance is also shown. It is also noticed that a random distribution and pointed shape of the summits may also be an inconvenience concerning rolling resistance, thus leading to the conclusion that beyond the macrotexture, the positivity of the texture should also be taken into account. A possible simplification of the model by neglecting the damping part in the constitutive model of the rubber is also noted.
Highlights
Energy-efficient transportation systems are becoming an increased societal demand, especially in the current context, where ecology is becoming a global issue [1]
This paper dealt with the modeling of rolling resistance on road pavements and included a discussion on the effect of macrotexture on the contribution of this rolling resistance
The proposed model is based on the simplification of the Dynamic Friction Model (DFM), which is a tire/pavement adhesion model taking into account all the possible slip rates of a tire on the pavement ranging from 0 to 1
Summary
Energy-efficient transportation systems are becoming an increased societal demand, especially in the current context, where ecology is becoming a global issue [1]. The lower the rolling resistance is, the less energy is required to move vehicles forward; a low rolling resistance can mean 0.25 L less fuel per 100 km driven [4] This amount may not seem impressive, but because the distance traveled by a European driver is about 20,000 km per year, the savings will be felt. Regarding another aspect of vehicles and, in particular, the contact of their tires on roads, huge efforts have been made by tire manufacturers to reduce their rolling resistance as much as possible without reducing their efficiency in terms of skid resistance and rolling noise [5]. Regarding another aspect of roads, even if substantial effort is made in the design of road structures to minimize their contribution to rolling resistance, the effect of the surface texture, in particular the macrotexture, on this rolling resistance remains largely unknown [6,7]
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