Tipuri de artefacte folosite la ornamentarea gulerului, îmbrăcăminte şi la centură: catarame şi aplici

Abstract

Abstract The types of artefacts used on dressing ornaments during the IXth-XIth centuries, discovered in the Danubian Basin, were various as form, ornament and materials. They were used at dressing ornaments (the buttons and the appliqués), ornaments for belts, harnesses or shoes. These dressing ornaments pieces are: the buckles-various types, appliqués, buttons, each of them with many forms. The buckles found in the Danubian Basin were generally made by iron. The lyre-shaped buckles were commonly used on clothes and harnesses. Three of these have been discovered in the cementery from Brandusei Street, two pieces in M.21 and M. 155, and a thirdly in M. 128. Some textile remnants were preserved on the piece found in M. 128. It is very sure that both buckles were used on belts. Similar buckles have been previously discovered at Blandiana-La Brod, Cluj Napoca-Str. Zapolya, Târgșor and Zalău. They were used as belt buckles, perhaps decorated wuth appliques, or as accessory for the harness or for the belt that sustained the sword or the quiver. These kind of buckles apperead inside the Charpatian Basin at the beginning of the 10th century and were used until the end of the 11 th century. According to Attila Kiss, lyra buckles apperead at Bulgarian populations on the Volga, while the Transylvanian pieces are associated with the typical artefacts belonging to the Magyar communites. A discoid appliqué, decorated with a cross, has been discovered while processing M. 59 at Alba Iulia- Brândușei Street. A quite similar piece, dated to the 10th century, was found in the Alba Iulia-Staţia de Salvare cementery. Two shield-shapped appliqués and a circular one have been found in the interior part of the necklace found in M. 129. The first two have two perforations and two small claws for hanging up on their backside. The circular one has a hanger on its backside. Similar pieces have been discovered at Szentes-Nagyhegy and Arad. A rectangular applique with heart-shaped corners, made of gilded silver, has been discovered, on Brândușei Street, M. 145. Similar pieces can be mentioned at Mohacs, Budapest-Rakospalota and Szekesfehevar-Demkohegy. The appliqués are frequently encountered in funerary inventories of the 10 th and 11th centuries.