Abstract
Introduction: Allergic proctocolitis (AP) is a type of allergic reaction affecting the mucosa of the rectum and large intestine in infants within the first 6 months of life. It is characterized by the presence of mucus and bright red blood in the stools, with or without diarrhea. Low diversity in intestinal microbiota may be associated with allergic diseases. Infants born via cesarean section may have a higher likelihood of allergic issues. Objective: To assess the incidences of cesarean and vaginal deliveries in infants suspected of having AP and compare them with the rates in the general population. Method: Prospective cross-sectional study, in infants with suspected AP treated in Curitiba, with analysis of the type of delivery and comparison with the incidences of cesarean and vaginal births in the general population of live births in Curitiba. Results: Cesarean section was significantly more common in the group of 116 infants suspected of having AP (87/116 - 75%) compared to births in Curitiba in 2020 and 2021 (63% of 57,694 deliveries) (p=0.0076) (OR=1.76 - 95% CI 1.16 to 2.68). In Curitiba, there is a substantial difference in the incidence of cesarean deliveries between the Unified Health System (SUS), with 44.7% of deliveries, and the Supplementary Health System, with 81.7% of deliveries. The incidence of cesarean deliveries remained significantly higher in infants suspected of having AP even after adjusting for the difference in the utilization of health systems in this group compared to the general population. Conclusion: This study's findings support the hypothesis that cesarean delivery may be one of the risk factors for AP in infants.
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